In a compelling showcase of aerospace might, the Aero India 2025 exhibition in Bengaluru recently became the battleground for two titans of the sky. The American Lockheed Martin F-35A and the Russian Sukhoi Su-57E both made grand entrances, vying for the favor of the Indian Air Force. The unexpected presence of these fighters on the same runway underscores India’s strategic policy of maintaining non-alignment amid global military powers.
Traditionally, Russia has been India’s predominant supplier of military technology. However, recent years have witnessed increasing US influence in India’s arms acquisitions, posing a fascinating choice for Indian strategists. While Russia offers enticing prospects of local manufacturing and full technology transfer for the Su-57E, the US puts forth the capability-rich F-35, presenting India with a unique opportunity to integrate cutting-edge technology into its arsenal.
The prospect of manufacturing the Su-57 domestically offers significant strategic advantages. Russian defense officials have been engaging in informal discussions with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), suggesting a potential setup similar to the existing Su-30MKI production line at HAL's Nasik facility. This arrangement promises not only advanced capability but also bolsters India’s self-reliance in defense technology.
Conversely, US offers including President Trump’s surprise proposal to sell the F-35s underscore the strategic pivot the US desires in its defense relationship with India. The shift embodies deeper strategic ties between the two democracies, although the challenges of integrating such advanced fighters with India’s existing mostly Russian-made equipment pose a formidable hurdle. Additionally, the sensitivity around F-35 technology means strict conditions would accompany any potential sale.
India’s ambitions in air power are not confined to foreign acquisitions. Its indigenous effort—the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program—is a project of national pride and technological aspiration. The unveiling of its prototype at Aero India symbolizes this ambition, even as analysts worry about the implications of acquiring foreign fighters on this program’s success.
As Prime Minister Narendra Modi navigates these complex waters, India’s strategic decisions will shape not only its military future but also its position in a rapidly shifting global order. Opting for the Su-57E might reinforce long-standing ties with Russia, while choosing the F-35 could mark a definitive shift towards US partnerships. Alternatively, betting entirely on the AMCA could delay addressing current capability gaps against regional rivals like China, but would display significant confidence in India's defense innovation.
